Les Miserables

VOLUME I. FANTINE.

PREFACE

So long as there shall exist, by virtue of law and custom, decrees of

damnation pronounced by society, artificially creating hells amid

the civilization of earth, and adding the element of human fate to

divine destiny; so long as the three great problems of the century--

the degradation of man through pauperism, the corruption of woman

through hunger, the crippling of children through lack of light--

are unsolved; so long as social asphyxia is possible in any part

of the world;--in other words, and with a still wider significance,

so long as ignorance and poverty exist on earth, books of the nature

of Les Miserables cannot fail to be of use.

HAUTEVILLE HOUSE, 1862.

BOOK FIRST--A JUST MAN

CHAPTER I

M. MYRIEL

In 1815, M. Charles-Francois-Bienvenu Myriel was Bishop of D----

He was an old man of about seventy-five years of age; he had occupied

the see of D---- since 1806.

Although this detail has no connection whatever with the real

substance of what we are about to relate, it will not be superfluous,

if merely for the sake of exactness in all points, to mention here

the various rumors and remarks which had been in circulation about him

from the very moment when he arrived in the diocese. True or false,

that which is said of men often occupies as important a place in

their lives, and above all in their destinies, as that which they do.

M. Myriel was the son of a councillor of the Parliament of Aix;

hence he belonged to the nobility of the bar. It was said that

his father, destining him to be the heir of his own post, had married

him at a very early age, eighteen or twenty, in accordance with a

custom which is rather widely prevalent in parliamentary families.

In spite of this marriage, however, it was said that Charles Myriel

created a great deal of talk. He was well formed, though rather short

in stature, elegant, graceful, intelligent; the whole of the first

portion of his life had been devoted to the world and to gallantry.

The Revolution came; events succeeded each other with precipitation;

the parliamentary families, decimated, pursued, hunted down,

were dispersed. M. Charles Myriel emigrated to Italy at the very

beginning of the Revolution. There his wife died of a malady of

the chest, from which she had long suffered. He had no children.

What took place next in the fate of M. Myriel? The ruin of the French

society of the olden days, the fall of his own family, the tragic

spectacles of '93, which were, perhaps, even more alarming to the

emigrants who viewed them from a distance, with the magnifying powers

of terror,--did these cause the ideas of renunciation and solitude

to germinate in him? Was he, in the midst of these distractions,

these affections which absorbed his life, suddenly smitten with one

of those mysterious and terrible blows which sometimes overwhelm,

by striking to his heart, a man whom public catastrophes would

not shake, by striking at his existence and his fortune? No one

could have told: all that was known was, that when he returned

from Italy he was a priest.